Zirkonium
40
Zr
Groep
4
Periode
5
Blok
d
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
40
40
51
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
40
Atomair gewicht
91,224
Massa Getal
91
Categorie
Overgangsmetalen
Kleur
Zilver
Radioactief
Nee
Van het Persische zargun, goudachtig
Kristalstructuur
Eenvoudige Hexagonaal
Historie
Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Electronconfiguratie
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, also referred to as zirconia
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
6,506 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
2128,15 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F
Kookpunt
4682,15 K | 4409 °C | 7968,2 °F
Fusiewarmte
21 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
580 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,278 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
0,013%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
5×10-6%
Verdiensten voor afbeeldingen: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Two samples of crystal bar showing different surface textures as well as a highly pure zirconium cube for comparison
CAS-nummer
7440-67-7
PubChem CID nummer
23995
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
160 pm
Covalentiestraal
175 pm
Electronegativiteit
1,33 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
6,6339 eV
Atoomvolume
14,0 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
0,227 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
1, 2, 3, 4
Toepassingen
Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94ZrInstabiele isotopen
78Zr, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 83Zr, 84Zr, 85Zr, 86Zr, 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 93Zr, 95Zr, 96Zr, 97Zr, 98Zr, 99Zr, 100Zr, 101Zr, 102Zr, 103Zr, 104Zr, 105Zr, 106Zr, 107Zr, 108Zr, 109Zr, 110Zr