Niobium

41
Nb
Groep
5
Periode
5
Blok
d
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
41
41
52
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
41
Atomair gewicht
92,90638
Massa Getal
93
Categorie
Overgangsmetalen
Kleur
Grijs
Radioactief
Nee
Vernoemd naar Niobe, de dochter van Tantalos
Kristalstructuur
Ruimtelijk-gecentreerde Kubus
Historie
Niobium was discovered by the English chemist Charles Hatchett in 1801 and named the new element columbium.

In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium.

The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Electronconfiguratie
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Nb
Brazil is the leading producer of niobium
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
8,57 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
2750,15 K | 2477 °C | 4490,6 °F
Kookpunt
5017,15 K | 4744 °C | 8571,2 °F
Fusiewarmte
26,8 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
690 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,265 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
0,0017%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
2×10-7%
Ultrapure
Verdiensten voor afbeeldingen: Images-of-elements
Ultrapure niobium bead, slightly oxidized
CAS-nummer
7440-03-1
PubChem CID nummer
23936
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
146 pm
Covalentiestraal
164 pm
Electronegativiteit
1,6 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
6,7589 eV
Atoomvolume
10,87 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
0,537 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
-1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Toepassingen
Niobium is used in arc-welding rods for stabilized grades of stainless steel.

Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction.

The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment.

Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers.
Some niobium compounds are highly toxic
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
93Nb
Instabiele isotopen
81Nb, 82Nb, 83Nb, 84Nb, 85Nb, 86Nb, 87Nb, 88Nb, 89Nb, 90Nb, 91Nb, 92Nb, 94Nb, 95Nb, 96Nb, 97Nb, 98Nb, 99Nb, 100Nb, 101Nb, 102Nb, 103Nb, 104Nb, 105Nb, 106Nb, 107Nb, 108Nb, 109Nb, 110Nb, 111Nb, 112Nb, 113Nb