Gallium
31
Ga
Groep
13
Periode
4
Blok
p
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
31
31
39
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
31
Atomair gewicht
69,723
Massa Getal
70
Categorie
Hoofdgroepmetalen
Kleur
Zilver
Radioactief
Nee
Van het Latijnse woord Gallia, Frankrijk; ook van het Latijnse gallus, een vertaling van Lecoq, een haan
Kristalstructuur
Basis-gecentreerd Orthorombisch
Historie
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 18, 3
Electronconfiguratie
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
5,907 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Kookpunt
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Fusiewarmte
5,59 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
256 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,371 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
0,0019%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
1×10-6%
CAS-nummer
7440-55-3
PubChem CID nummer
5360835
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
135 pm
Covalentiestraal
122 pm
Electronegativiteit
1,81 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
5,9993 eV
Atoomvolume
11,8 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
0,406 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
1, 2, 3
Toepassingen
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
69Ga, 71GaInstabiele isotopen
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga