Germanium
32
Ge
Groep
14
Periode
4
Blok
p
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
32
32
41
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
32
Atomair gewicht
72,63
Massa Getal
73
Categorie
Metalloïden
Kleur
Grijs
Radioactief
Nee
Van het Latijnse woord Germania, Duitsland
Kristalstructuur
Zijvlak-gecentreerde Kubus
Historie
In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence and some of its properties based on its position on his periodic table and called the element eka-silicon.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 18, 4
Electronconfiguratie
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Germanium and the oxide are transparent to infrared radiation
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
5,323 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
1211,4 K | 938,25 °C | 1720,85 °F
Kookpunt
3106,15 K | 2833 °C | 5131,4 °F
Fusiewarmte
31,8 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
334 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,32 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
0,00014%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
0,00002%
CAS-nummer
7440-56-4
PubChem CID nummer
6326954
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
122 pm
Covalentiestraal
122 pm
Electronegativiteit
2,01 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
7,8994 eV
Atoomvolume
13,6 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
0,599 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
-4, 1, 2, 3, 4
Toepassingen
The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor in electronics.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is not known to be toxic
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74GeInstabiele isotopen
58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 71Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge