Scandium

21
Sc
Groep
3
Periode
4
Blok
d
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
21
21
24
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
21
Atomair gewicht
44,955912
Massa Getal
45
Categorie
Overgangsmetalen
Kleur
Zilver
Radioactief
Nee
Van het Latijnse woord Scandia, Scandinavië
Kristalstructuur
Eenvoudige Hexagonaal
Historie
In 1879, Lars Fredrik Nilson and his team detected scandium in the minerals euxenite and gadolinite.

Nilson prepared 2 grams of scandium oxide of high purity.

Per Teodor Cleve showed that scandium had properties similar to those predicted by Mendeleev for eka-boron.

Metallic scandium was first prepared in 1937 by Fischer and his colleagues.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 9, 2
Electronconfiguratie
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Sc
The stable form of scandium is created in supernovas via the r-process
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
2,989 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
1814,15 K | 1541 °C | 2805,8 °F
Kookpunt
3109,15 K | 2836 °C | 5136,8 °F
Fusiewarmte
16 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
318 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,568 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
0,0026%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
3×10-6%
Ultrapure
Verdiensten voor afbeeldingen: Images-of-elements
Ultrapure crystalline scandium
CAS-nummer
7440-20-2
PubChem CID nummer
23952
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
162 pm
Covalentiestraal
170 pm
Electronegativiteit
1,36 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
6,5615 eV
Atoomvolume
15,0 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
0,158 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
1, 2, 3
Toepassingen
Scandium is used in sports equipment such as golf iron shafts, baseball bats, bicycle frames and fishing rods.

Scandium iodide, along with sodium iodide, when added to a modified form of mercury-vapor lamp, produces a form of metal halide lamp.

The radioactive isotope 46Sc is used in oil refineries as a tracing agent.
Scandium is considered to be of low toxicity
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
45Sc
Instabiele isotopen
36Sc, 37Sc, 38Sc, 39Sc, 40Sc, 41Sc, 42Sc, 43Sc, 44Sc, 46Sc, 47Sc, 48Sc, 49Sc, 50Sc, 51Sc, 52Sc, 53Sc, 54Sc, 55Sc, 56Sc, 57Sc, 58Sc, 59Sc, 60Sc