Calcium

20
Ca
Groep
2
Periode
4
Blok
s
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
20
20
20
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
20
Atomair gewicht
40,078
Massa Getal
40
Categorie
Aardalkalimetalen
Kleur
Zilver
Radioactief
Nee
Van het Latijnse woord calx, kalk
Kristalstructuur
Zijvlak-gecentreerde Kubus
Historie
Calcium was known as early as the first century when the Ancient Romans prepared lime as calcium oxide.

Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.

Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 8, 2
Electronconfiguratie
[Ar] 4s2
Ca
The shell of an egg is made up of primarily calcium carbonate
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
1,54 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
1115,15 K | 842 °C | 1547,6 °F
Kookpunt
1757,15 K | 1484 °C | 2703,2 °F
Fusiewarmte
8,54 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
155 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,647 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
5%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
0,007%
Pure
Verdiensten voor afbeeldingen: Wikimedia Commons (Matthias Zepper)
Pure calcium in a protective argon gas atmosphere
CAS-nummer
7440-70-2
PubChem CID nummer
5460341
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
197 pm
Covalentiestraal
176 pm
Electronegativiteit
1,00 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
6,1132 eV
Atoomvolume
29,9 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
2,01 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
1, 2
Toepassingen
Calcium is used to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon from alloys.

It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.

Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.

Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
Calcium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
40Ca, 42Ca, 43Ca, 44Ca, 46Ca
Instabiele isotopen
34Ca, 35Ca, 36Ca, 37Ca, 38Ca, 39Ca, 41Ca, 45Ca, 47Ca, 48Ca, 49Ca, 50Ca, 51Ca, 52Ca, 53Ca, 54Ca, 55Ca, 56Ca, 57Ca