Kalium
19
K
Groep
1
Periode
4
Blok
s
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
19
19
20
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
19
Atomair gewicht
39,0983
Massa Getal
39
Categorie
Alkalimetalen
Kleur
Zilver
Radioactief
Nee
Van het Engelse woord potash, potas; Latijn kalium, Arabisch qali, alkali
Kristalstructuur
Ruimtelijk-gecentreerde Kubus
Historie
Potassium's symbol K comes from 'kalium' the name of the element in Germany and Scandinavia.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 8, 1
Electronconfiguratie
[Ar] 4s1
People whose diets are low in potassium can suffer from hypokalemia
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
0,862 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
336,53 K | 63,38 °C | 146,08 °F
Kookpunt
1032,15 K | 759 °C | 1398,2 °F
Fusiewarmte
2,33 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
76,9 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,757 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
1,5%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
0,0003%
CAS-nummer
7440-09-7
PubChem CID nummer
5462222
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
227 pm
Covalentiestraal
203 pm
Electronegativiteit
0,82 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
4,3407 eV
Atoomvolume
45,46 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
1,024 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
-1, 1
Toepassingen
The greatest demand for potash has been in its use for fertilizers.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium must be handled with great care with full skin and eye protection
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
39K, 41KInstabiele isotopen
32K, 33K, 34K, 35K, 36K, 37K, 38K, 40K, 42K, 43K, 44K, 45K, 46K, 47K, 48K, 49K, 50K, 51K, 52K, 53K, 54K, 55K