Silicium
14
Si
Groep
14
Periode
3
Blok
p
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
14
14
14
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
14
Atomair gewicht
28,0855
Massa Getal
28
Categorie
Metalloïden
Kleur
Grijs
Radioactief
Nee
Van het Latijnse woord silex, kiezelzuur, vuursteen
Kristalstructuur
Tetraedrische Vulling
Historie
In 1800, Sir Humphry Davy thought silica to be a compound and not an element; but in 1811, Gay Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon by heating potassium with silicon tetrafluoride.
In 1824 Jöns Jakob Berzelius prepared amorphous silicon by the same general method.
Henri Deville in 1854 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element.
In 1824 Jöns Jakob Berzelius prepared amorphous silicon by the same general method.
Henri Deville in 1854 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 4
Electronconfiguratie
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Silicon also has the unusual property that it expands as it freezes
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
2,3296 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
1687,15 K | 1414 °C | 2577,2 °F
Kookpunt
3538,15 K | 3265 °C | 5909 °F
Fusiewarmte
50,2 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
359 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,705 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
27%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
0,07%
Verdiensten voor afbeeldingen: Wikimedia Commons (Enricoros)
Close up photo of a piece of purified silicon
CAS-nummer
7440-21-3
PubChem CID nummer
5461123
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
111 pm
Covalentiestraal
111 pm
Electronegativiteit
1,9 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
8,1517 eV
Atoomvolume
12,1 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
1,48 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Toepassingen
In the form of sand and clay it is used to make concrete and brick; it is a useful refractory material for high-temperature work, and in the form of silicates it is used in making enamels, pottery, etc.
Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass.
Silicon chips are the basis of modern electronic and computing.
Silicon carbide, more commonly called carborundum is used in abrasives.
Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass.
Silicon chips are the basis of modern electronic and computing.
Silicon carbide, more commonly called carborundum is used in abrasives.
If breathed in as a fine silica/silicate dust, it may cause chronic respiratory problems
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
28Si, 29Si, 30SiInstabiele isotopen
22Si, 23Si, 24Si, 25Si, 26Si, 27Si, 31Si, 32Si, 33Si, 34Si, 35Si, 36Si, 37Si, 38Si, 39Si, 40Si, 41Si, 42Si, 43Si, 44Si