Aluminium
13
Al
Groep
13
Periode
3
Blok
p
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
13
13
14
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
13
Atomair gewicht
26,9815386
Massa Getal
27
Categorie
Hoofdgroepmetalen
Kleur
Zilver
Radioactief
Nee
Van het Latijnse woord alumen, aluin
Kristalstructuur
Zijvlak-gecentreerde Kubus
Historie
In 1761, Guyton de Morveau proposed the name alumine for the base in alum, and Antoine Lavoisier, in 1787, thought this to be the oxide of a still undiscovered metal.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 3
Electronconfiguratie
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Aluminum does not stick to magnets under normal conditions
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
2,698 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
933,47 K | 660,32 °C | 1220,58 °F
Kookpunt
2792,15 K | 2519 °C | 4566,2 °F
Fusiewarmte
10,7 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
293 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,897 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
8,1%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
0,005%
CAS-nummer
7429-90-5
PubChem CID nummer
5359268
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
143 pm
Covalentiestraal
121 pm
Electronegativiteit
1,61 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
5,9858 eV
Atoomvolume
9,98 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
2,37 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
1, 3
Toepassingen
Aluminum is used in an extensive range of products from drinks cans to window frames and boats to aircraft.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
Aluminum is not known to be toxic
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
27AlInstabiele isotopen
21Al, 22Al, 23Al, 24Al, 25Al, 26Al, 28Al, 29Al, 30Al, 31Al, 32Al, 33Al, 34Al, 35Al, 36Al, 37Al, 38Al, 39Al, 40Al, 41Al, 42Al