Thorium

90
Th
Groep
n.v.t.
Periode
7
Blok
f
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
90
90
142
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
90
Atomair gewicht
232,03806
Massa Getal
232
Categorie
Actiniden
Kleur
Zilver
Radioactief
Ja
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Kristalstructuur
Zijvlak-gecentreerde Kubus
Historie
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.

Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.

The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Electronconfiguratie
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Th
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
11,7 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Kookpunt
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Fusiewarmte
16 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
530 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,113 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
0,0006%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
4×10-8%
The
Verdiensten voor afbeeldingen: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
CAS-nummer
7440-29-1
PubChem CID nummer
23960
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
179 pm
Covalentiestraal
206 pm
Electronegativiteit
1,3 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
6,3067 eV
Atoomvolume
19,9 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
0,54 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
2, 3, 4
Toepassingen
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.

It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.

Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
232Th
Instabiele isotopen
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th