Koolstof

6
C
Groep
14
Periode
2
Blok
p
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
6
6
6
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
6
Atomair gewicht
12,0107
Massa Getal
12
Categorie
Niet-metalen
Kleur
Zwarte
Radioactief
Nee
Van het Latijnse woord carbo, houtskool
Kristalstructuur
Eenvoudige Hexagonaal
Historie
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.

In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.

In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Eletronen per schil
2, 4
Electronconfiguratie
[He] 2s2 2p2
C
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
2,267 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Kookpunt
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Fusiewarmte
105 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
715 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,709 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
0,18%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
0,5%
Ultrapure
Verdiensten voor afbeeldingen: Images-of-elements
Ultrapure carbon as graphite
CAS-nummer
7440-44-0
PubChem CID nummer
5462310
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
67 pm
Covalentiestraal
77 pm
Electronegativiteit
2,55 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
11,2603 eV
Atoomvolume
5,31 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
1,29 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Toepassingen
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.

Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.

Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.

Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
12C, 13C
Instabiele isotopen
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C