Lithium
3
Li
Groep
1
Periode
2
Blok
s
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
3
3
4
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
3
Atomair gewicht
6,941
Massa Getal
7
Categorie
Alkalimetalen
Kleur
Zilver
Radioactief
Nee
Van het Griekse woord lithos, steen
Kristalstructuur
Ruimtelijk-gecentreerde Kubus
Historie
Lithium was discovered by Johann Arfvedson in 1817 when he was analyzing minerals from the island of Uto in Sweden.
The pure metal was isolated the following year by both Swedish chemist William Thomas Brande and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy working independently.
In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
The pure metal was isolated the following year by both Swedish chemist William Thomas Brande and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy working independently.
In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
Eletronen per schil
2, 1
Electronconfiguratie
[He] 2s1
Lithium is the only metal which reacts with nitrogen under normal conditions
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
0,534 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
453,69 K | 180,54 °C | 356,97 °F
Kookpunt
1615,15 K | 1342 °C | 2447,6 °F
Fusiewarmte
3 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
147 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
3,582 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
0,0017%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
6×10-7%
CAS-nummer
7439-93-2
PubChem CID nummer
3028194
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
152 pm
Covalentiestraal
128 pm
Electronegativiteit
0,98 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
5,3917 eV
Atoomvolume
13,10 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
0,847 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
1
Toepassingen
Pure lithium metal is used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant.
Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics.
Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides are used as high energy additives to rocket propellants.
Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant.
Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics.
Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides are used as high energy additives to rocket propellants.
Lithium is corrosive and requires special handling to avoid skin contact
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
6Li, 7LiInstabiele isotopen
4Li, 5Li, 8Li, 9Li, 10Li, 11Li, 12Li