Nikkel
28
Ni
Groep
10
Periode
4
Blok
d
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
28
28
31
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
28
Atomair gewicht
58,6934
Massa Getal
59
Categorie
Overgangsmetalen
Kleur
Grijs
Radioactief
Nee
Van het Duitse woord Nickel (Satan), en van Kupfernickel, Old Nick's koper
Kristalstructuur
Zijvlak-gecentreerde Kubus
Historie
Artifacts made from metallic meteorites have been found dating from as early as 5000 BC.
In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt was trying to extract copper from kupfernickel and instead produced the white metal.
In the early twentieth century, Ludwig Mond patented a process using nickel carbonyl to purify nickel.
In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt was trying to extract copper from kupfernickel and instead produced the white metal.
In the early twentieth century, Ludwig Mond patented a process using nickel carbonyl to purify nickel.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 16, 2
Electronconfiguratie
[Ar] 3d8 4s2
Nickel is 100 times more concentrated below Earth's crust than in it
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
8,912 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
1728,15 K | 1455 °C | 2651 °F
Kookpunt
3186,15 K | 2913 °C | 5275,4 °F
Fusiewarmte
17,2 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
378 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,444 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
0,0089%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
0,006%
CAS-nummer
7440-02-0
PubChem CID nummer
935
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
124 pm
Covalentiestraal
124 pm
Electronegativiteit
1,91 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
7,6398 eV
Atoomvolume
6,59 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
0,907 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Toepassingen
Nickel is used extensively to make coins and nickel steel for armor plates and burglar-proof vaults.
Tubing made of copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water.
Nickel is also used in batteries, ceramics and magnets.
Tubing made of copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water.
Nickel is also used in batteries, ceramics and magnets.
Nickel and its compounds are considered to be carcinogenic
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
58Ni, 60Ni, 61Ni, 62Ni, 64NiInstabiele isotopen
48Ni, 49Ni, 50Ni, 51Ni, 52Ni, 53Ni, 54Ni, 55Ni, 56Ni, 57Ni, 59Ni, 63Ni, 65Ni, 66Ni, 67Ni, 68Ni, 69Ni, 70Ni, 71Ni, 72Ni, 73Ni, 74Ni, 75Ni, 76Ni, 77Ni, 78Ni