Thallium
81
Tl
Groep
13
Periode
6
Blok
p
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
81
81
123
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
81
Atomair gewicht
204,3833
Massa Getal
204
Categorie
Hoofdgroepmetalen
Kleur
Zilver
Radioactief
Nee
From Greek thallos, meanin a green shoot or twig
Kristalstructuur
Eenvoudige Hexagonaal
Historie
Thallium was discovered spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Electronconfiguratie
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Agatha Christie made use of thallium's toxicity in her novel The Pale Horse
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
11,85 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
577,15 K | 304 °C | 579,2 °F
Kookpunt
1746,15 K | 1473 °C | 2683,4 °F
Fusiewarmte
4,2 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
165 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,129 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
0,000053%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
5×10-8%
CAS-nummer
7440-28-0
PubChem CID nummer
5359464
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
170 pm
Covalentiestraal
145 pm
Electronegativiteit
1,62 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
6,1082 eV
Atoomvolume
17,2 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
0,461 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
1, 3
Toepassingen
Thallium selenide has been used in a bolometer for infrared detection.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium and its compounds are highly toxic
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
203Tl, 205TlInstabiele isotopen
176Tl, 177Tl, 178Tl, 179Tl, 180Tl, 181Tl, 182Tl, 183Tl, 184Tl, 185Tl, 186Tl, 187Tl, 188Tl, 189Tl, 190Tl, 191Tl, 192Tl, 193Tl, 194Tl, 195Tl, 196Tl, 197Tl, 198Tl, 199Tl, 200Tl, 201Tl, 202Tl, 204Tl, 206Tl, 207Tl, 208Tl, 209Tl, 210Tl, 211Tl, 212Tl