Osmium
76
Os
Groep
8
Periode
6
Blok
d
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
76
76
114
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
76
Atomair gewicht
190,23
Massa Getal
190
Categorie
Overgangsmetalen
Kleur
Antracietgrijs
Radioactief
Nee
From the Greek word osme, meaning smell
Kristalstructuur
Eenvoudige Hexagonaal
Historie
Osmium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist Smithson Tennant in London.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
Electronconfiguratie
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Osmium is the least abundant stable element in the Earth's crust
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
22,61 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
3306,15 K | 3033 °C | 5491,4 °F
Kookpunt
5285,15 K | 5012 °C | 9053,6 °F
Fusiewarmte
31 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
630 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,13 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
1,8×10-7%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
3×10-7%
Verdiensten voor afbeeldingen: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Osmium crystals produced by chemical transport reaction in chlorine gas
CAS-nummer
7440-04-2
PubChem CID nummer
23937
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
135 pm
Covalentiestraal
144 pm
Electronegativiteit
2,2 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
8,4382 eV
Atoomvolume
8,49 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
0,876 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Toepassingen
Osmium is used alloyed with other metals in the platinum group to produce very hard alloys.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Even low concentrations in air can cause lung congestion, skin damage, or eye damage
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
184Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, 192OsInstabiele isotopen
161Os, 162Os, 163Os, 164Os, 165Os, 166Os, 167Os, 168Os, 169Os, 170Os, 171Os, 172Os, 173Os, 174Os, 175Os, 176Os, 177Os, 178Os, 179Os, 180Os, 181Os, 182Os, 183Os, 185Os, 186Os, 191Os, 193Os, 194Os, 195Os, 196Os