Hafnium

72
Hf
Groep
4
Periode
6
Blok
d
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
72
72
106
Algemene Eigenschappen
Atoomnummer
72
Atomair gewicht
178,49
Massa Getal
178
Categorie
Overgangsmetalen
Kleur
Grijs
Radioactief
Nee
From Hafinia, the Latin name for Copenhagen
Kristalstructuur
Eenvoudige Hexagonaal
Historie
In 1911, Georges Urbain claimed to have found the element in rare-earth residues which was shown later to be a mixture of already discovered lanthanides.

Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy found it by X-ray spectroscopic analysis in Norwegian zircon in 1922.

Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer were the first to prepare metallic hafnium by passing hafnium tetra-iodide vapor over a heated tungsten filament in 1924.
Eletronen per schil
2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Electronconfiguratie
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Hf
In powdered form, hafnium is pyrophoric and can ignite spontaneously in air
Fysieke Eigenschappen
Fase
Vast
Dichtheid
13,31 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
2506,15 K | 2233 °C | 4051,4 °F
Kookpunt
4876,15 K | 4603 °C | 8317,4 °F
Fusiewarmte
25,5 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte
630 kJ/mol
Specifieke Warmtecapaciteit
0,144 J/g·K
Overvloedig aanwezig in de aardkorst
0,00033%
Overvloedig aanwezig in het universum
7×10-8%
Electrolytic
Verdiensten voor afbeeldingen: Images-of-elements
Electrolytic hafnium
CAS-nummer
7440-58-6
PubChem CID nummer
23986
Atoomeigenschappen
Atoomstraal
159 pm
Covalentiestraal
175 pm
Electronegativiteit
1,3 (Pauling schaal)
Ionisatiepotentiaal
6,8251 eV
Atoomvolume
13,6 cm3/mol
Thermische geleiding
0,23 W/cm·K
Oxidatietoestanden
2, 3, 4
Toepassingen
Hafnium oxide-based compounds are being introduced into silicon-based chips to produce smaller, more energy efficient and performance packed processors.

Most of the hafnium produced is used in the production of control rods for nuclear reactors.

Hafnium is also used in photographic flash bulbs, light bulb filaments, and in electronic equipment as cathodes and capacitors.
Hafnium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotopen
Stabiele isotopen
176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, 180Hf
Instabiele isotopen
153Hf, 154Hf, 155Hf, 156Hf, 157Hf, 158Hf, 159Hf, 160Hf, 161Hf, 162Hf, 163Hf, 164Hf, 165Hf, 166Hf, 167Hf, 168Hf, 169Hf, 170Hf, 171Hf, 172Hf, 173Hf, 174Hf, 175Hf, 181Hf, 182Hf, 183Hf, 184Hf, 185Hf, 186Hf, 187Hf, 188Hf